什么哲人曾说过,博古而通今。咱们也不好不讲点历史装装样子,下面我就copy paste一段吧!
The first known hedge fund was created by Alfred Winslow Jones in 1949. His fund should look familiar to today’s hedge fund participants. The fund was organized as a limited partnership and used private placement rules to avoid registration. It invested primarily in common stocks and used moderate leverage to carry long and short positions modestly larger than the fund capital.
The number of hedge funds has grown significantly, and there are many different types of hedge funds. But this first hedge fund bears a close resemblance to the most common hedge fund strategy today, called long/short equity.
During the early years of the hedge fund industry (1950s — 1 970s), the term ‘hedge fund” as used to describe the hedging strategy used by managers at the time “Hedging” refers to the hedge fund manager making additional trades in an attempt to counterbalance any risk involved with the existing positions in the portfolio. Hedging can be accomplished in many different ways but the most basic technique is to purchase a long position and a secondary short position in a similar security. This is used to offset price fluctuations and is an effective way of neutralizing the effects of market conditions.
Today, the term “hedge fund” tells an investor nothing about the underlying investment activities, similar to the term “mutual fund”. So how do you figure out what the hedge fund manager does? You are able to figure out a little more about the underlying investment activities by understanding the trading/investment strategies that the hedge fund manager states he trades. The ‘investment strategy” is the investment approach or the techniques used by the hedge fund manager to have positive returns on the investments If a manager says he trades long/short equity then you know he is buying undervalued equities and selling overvalued equities Although this description is the long/short equity strategy at its most basic, it is important to understand the strategies that the manager says.
看到这里,有的朋友就会说,你来点正经的行不?我怎么开对冲基金都不会,你呼呼啦啦说了上面的不等于零嘛!好!那我就来点正经的,讲讲怎么开对冲基金公司。
开对冲基金公司就跟开别的公司一样,没什么难的。一般来讲,对冲基金公司都不大,至少从门脸来看不大,也就是三间大瓦房。英國的对冲基金公司一般都在伦敦金融城,也有一些在曼城和爱丁宝。
对冲基金公司跟别的小公司区别在哪里?第一,他有钱。第二,他用的support businesses特别多,比如说:prime brokers,administrators,compliance consultants,systems providers,Hedge Fund consultants,corporate communication firms,accountants, lawyers等等,对了,还有保险公司。
对冲基金公司用这么多support businesses我们能看出什么?第一,对冲基金公司经理必须得学会用consultancy firms。(这个里面还真有些技巧,有时间我可以给大家说说我的经验。咱得少花钱多办事。)第二,对冲基金公司要有一个强大的operation部门,这个我会在人力资源那章讲。
在开对冲基金公司前,我们未来的合伙人,或是老板什么的应该考虑哪些問題呢?这的确是一个系统工程,我认为需要考虑的有以下几点:
1) ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 商业机会。
这一条我认为就是一个对冲基金公司的组建者在宏观上考虑建立,运营这个对冲基金公司。建立一个对冲基金公司绝对不是我们一拍脑子想建立就建立的。
2) ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 短期,中期,长期的目标。
不又是什么哲人说过什么目标的话,我是记不住了。不过想想也是,没有目标我们朝着什么方向走呀?上面这两条大伙回去翻翻MBA的书都有了。又什么SWOT分析,这个分析那个分析的,回去都分析分析,我就不在这里多说了,多说这種东西,就好像我在这里“装X”了。
3) ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 对冲基金公司的性质,所有权分配,资本的投入。
开对冲基金公司容易,但开什么样的好呀?Partnership? ; LLC? 甚至是sole。开什么样的对冲基金公司主要是由tax efficiency 决定的。但是还有其他因素。这个其他因素就包括将来你要怎么样呀?跟policy makers之间的那点事(你是想让policy makers帮你说话时候容易点?还是怎么样?我将在corporate communication那一章具体说说这个事)咱们学过点经济学的都知道,任何一个政策都有side effects,你开什么样的对冲基金公司这个决策也有side effects,这就需要决策者进行平衡一下。
你如果是和哥们开对冲基金公司,所有权分配你就得考虑了,省得分赃不均。
资本的投入就不说了,就是钱。
以上的几条因素不但自己要考虑一下,而且要请一个专业的consultant帮你看看。主要是税务和整体分析的。下面给出的表格是一些税务和整体分析公司的名录,兄弟可不是替他们做广告呀。
贴不上呀,怎么办?我那名录是Excel的。没問題,我将把这个东西以html的格式贴到文章最后,贴到这里编辑太麻烦。
4) ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 法律与监管环境。
现在监管一天比一天严了,还象第三条一样,给个律师的名录。他们比我专业多了。再给两个网站,大伙看看,这网站主要是行业新闻,这些新闻需要我们自己分析。http://www.hedgeweek.com/index.asp 和http://www.fsa.gov.uk/
5) ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 对冲基金公司的投资策略,特点,方法。
这部分我准备在第5章讲,不知道大伙喜欢我用大白话讲呢还是给出一大堆s数学公式,来装Professional。